chapter 7

 

Terms in this set (50)

True

True or false:Personal narratives are based on the speakers own life experiences.

false

True or false:Most words have several connotative meanings and infinite denotative meanings.

true

True or false:Speakers often use analogies to help an audience understand something new to them

false

True or false:Facts and statistics used as supporting materials are never subject to interpretation and manipulation

false

True or false:One popular media source is as good as another for enhancing a speaker's credibility.

true

True or false:According to your textbook, supporting materials provide the substance of your speech - they provide the evidence for your ideas.

True

True or false:According to your textbook, mythos refers to appeals to cultural beliefs and values.

false

True or false:According to your textbook, testimony dramatizes a topic and help the audience identify with the speaker's ideas.

true

True or false:According to your textbook, examples are illustrations or cases that represent a larger group or class of things.

false

True or false:Hypothetical examples are based on actual events.

false

True or false:According to your textbook, connotative meanings are the ones you would find in a dictionary.

true

True or false:Institutional narratives are stories from organizations or corporations.

false

True or false:Analogies and similes are the same thing.

true

True or false:Metaphors rely on an implicit comparison while similes make an explicit comparison.

true

True or false:Using testimony to support your claims only works if listeners believe in the source's credibility.

true

True or false:Choosing effective media content—video clips, still photos, audio clips- can make your speech more dynamic and stimulating.

b

Mary incorporated a story from her childhood into her speech. This type of supporting material is called______________.
A. example
B. narrative
C. definition
D. testimony

c

"Looking for wild asparagus is like hunting for mushrooms; they are relatively hard to find, but well worth the effort when you do find them." This type of comparison is called______.
A. a metaphor
B. an anecdote
C. an analogy
D. a side-by-side

C

When Jake defines a word in his speech by using a definition he found in a dictionary, he is giving that word a _______________.
A. connotative meaning
B. legislative meaning
C. denotative meaning
D. None of these answers are correct.

D

When a speaker defines something by explaining how it works or what it does, this is called what?
A. definition by analogy
B. definition by association
C. definition by example
D. definition by function

D

Using definitions in your speech may
A. help clarify your topic.
B. help audience members and the speaker think about the topic in similar ways.
C. cause problems if not properly used.
D. All of these answers are correct.

C

Because they appeal to logic, audience members generally find ______convincing in persuasive situations.
A. definitions
B. examples
C. facts and statistics
D. narrative

C

Which of the following is viewed by people as having the most credibility?
A. cable TV news
B. network TV news
C. local daily newspapers
D. major national newspapers

A

Hypothetical examples are based on _______.
A. conjecture
B. facts
C. personal experience
D. None of these answers are correct.

B

Cultural stories transmit basic values and ways of behaving and best represent which type of appeal?
A. pathos
B. mythos
C. logos
D. None of these answers are correct

B

Which of the following four terms does not relate to the other three?
A. stories
B. definitions
C. anecdotes
D. narratives

B

. Carol's reference to the impact of visitors to the Rocky Mountains in her speech about the fragile eco-system of the mountains is considered a _____.

A. general example
B. specific example
C. hypothetical example
D. irrelevant example

B

In Dave's speech about the history of civil rights in the U.S., he used quotes from Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King, Jr. Dave used ______ to support his points.
A. lay testimony
B. expert testimony
C. celebrity testimony
D. narrative

C

If you want to quantify the magnitude of a problem in your speech, you may want to use ______?
A. definitions
B. examples
C. statistics
D. anecdotes

A

When using media credibility to improve your speech, remember that the most popular news source for Americans is ________?
A. television
B. radio
C. newspapers
D. the Internet

a

Which type of example gives listeners the most detail?
A. specific examples
B. hypothetical examples
C. general examples
D. supportive examples

A

. According to your textbook which of the following types of supporting materials mostly likely enhances the speaker's credibility?
A. Testimony
B. Narratives
C. Examples
D. Definitions

B

. Which of the following refers to emotional appeals?
A. Mythos
B. Pathos
C. Ethos
D. Logos

D

Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of narratives discussed in your textbook?
A. Your own stories
B. Stories about others
C. Institutional stories
D. Irrelevant stories

A

Which of the following types of narratives best represent mythos?
A. Cultural stories
B. Institutional stories
C. Others' stories
D. Your own stories

D

___________________ meaning is unique and associated with a word based on a person's own experiences.
A. Dictionary
B. Denotative
C. Functional
D. Connotative

C

"Josh was flopping like a fish on a line" is an example of ______________.
A. A metaphor
B. An analogy
C. A simile
D. A mnemonic device

D

. "Into each life a little rain must fall" is an example of:
A. A simile
B. An analogy
C. A mnemonic device
D. A metaphor

D

. The average price of a home in your town is most likely what type of evidence?
A. Example
B. Fact
C. Testimony
D. Statistic

Narrative

Appeal: Emotional, cultural
Useful for: engaging audience
Strengths: Dramatize topic, help audience identify with topic
Weaknesses: single view on topic; distract from focus of speech

Examples

Appeal:Emotional
Useful for: personalizing topic
Strengths: make topic concrete; simplify complex concepts
Weaknesses: not able to be generalize; lack of representativeness

Definitions

Appeal:Emotional, logical
Useful for: establishing common meaning
Strengths: clarify concepts; delineate topic boundaries
Weaknesses: inaccurate or inappropriate; ignore connotations associated with terms

Testimony

Appeal:emotional, cultural, logical
Useful for: enhancing speaker credibility
Strengths: provides specific voices on topic; demonstrates expertise
Weaknesses: biased information (depends on credibility of source)

Facts and statistics

Appeal: logical
Useful for: demonstrating the scope of a problem
Strengths: promote agreement; provide foundation for topic's importance
Weaknesses: overwhelming or difficult to comprehend; subject to manipulation

denotative meaning

an agreed upon definition of a word, found in the dictionary

Connotative meaning

a unique meaning associated with a words based on a person's own experiences

metaphor

a figure of speech that makes an implicit comparison between two things

simile

a figure of speech that makes an explicit comparison between two things, using the words like or as.

fact

an observation based on actual experience

statistics

numerical data or information